| 引用本文：刘彦权,洪晓梅,黄涛,黄劲龙,殷悦,刘昕熠,陈玉婷,杨慧,唐焕文.临床医学研究生死亡认知和临终关怀态度调查分析与比较研究[J].中华医学教育探索杂志,2023,22(4):512-518 |
| 临床医学研究生死亡认知和临终关怀态度调查分析与比较研究 |
| Investigation and comparative study on death cognition and hospice care attitude of the graduate students of clinical medicine |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20220509-01236 |
| 中文关键词: 研究生 死亡认知 临终关怀 死亡态度 安宁疗护 医学人文 |
| 英文关键词:Graduate student Death cognition Hospice care Death attitude Palliative care Medical humanity |
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| 基金项目:广东省教育厅研究生教育创新计划项目（2021JGXM060）；广东省教育厅高校特色创新项目（2020KTSCX048）；广东医科大学学科建设项目（4SG22003G、4SG22107G、4SG22046G、4SG21209G）；福建医科大学教学改革研究立项项目（J21042） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 调查分析临床医学研究生的死亡认知现状与临终关怀态度，比较博士、硕士群体间的差异，探讨其死亡认知与临终关怀态度的相关性，为我国高等医学院校死亡观与临终关怀教育改革建设提供借鉴与参考。方法 采用《一般社会学情况调查表》、中文版《死亡态度描绘量表》、中文版《佛罗梅尔特临终关怀态度B量表》对496名临床医学博、硕士研究生的死亡认知、临终关怀认知态度等进行调查。同时，对博、硕士两类人群的调查结果进行分类比较。利用t检验、Pearson相关分析等统计学方法对本研究结果予以统计学分析。结果 剔除27份不合格问卷，共回收469份有效问卷。统计分析得知，博士研究生《死亡态度描绘量表》中各维度得分排序依次为：趋近接受（4.28±0.53）、中立接受（3.99±0.41）、死亡逃避（2.74±0.63）、死亡恐惧（2.65±0.57）、逃离接受（2.47±0.69）；硕士研究生《死亡态度描绘量表》中各维度得分排序依次为：中立接受（3.96±0.52）、趋近接受（2.84±0.61）、死亡恐惧（2.78±0.65）、死亡逃避（2.62±0.73）、逃离接受（2.39±0.77）。同时，博士群体临终关怀态度得分高于硕士群体[（110.63±8.96） vs. （106.78±6.52）]，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。此外，博、硕士研究生群体“死亡恐惧”得分与临终关怀态度得分均呈负相关（r=-0.25，r=-0.21），而临终关怀态度得分与死亡认知中的“中立接受”得分均呈正相关（r=0.50，r=0.32）。然而，博士群体临终关怀态度得分与死亡认知中的“死亡逃避”得分呈负相关（r=-0.27）。结论 博、硕士研究生群体已具备一定的临终关怀意识，但其死亡认知与临终关怀态度仍需从社会学、心理学、伦理学等多角度予以提升和加强，在满足我国老龄化社会需求的同时促进医患和谐。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate and analyze the status quo of death cognition and hospice care attitude of clinical medical graduate students, to compare the differences between the two groups, and to explore the correlation between death cognition and hospice care attitude, so as to provide the reference for the reform and construction of death cognition and hospice care education in medical colleges and universities in China.Methods A survey was carried out on 496 doctoral and postgraduate students majoring in clinical medicine by using the "Questionnaire of General Sociology Survey", the Chinese version of the "Death Attitude Profile Revised Scale", and the Chinese version of the "Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B (FATCOD-B)" to investigate the death cognition and hospice care attitude of 496 doctoral and postgraduate students majoring in clinical medicine, and classified and compared the survey results of the two groups. The results of this study were statistically analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and other statistical methods.Results A total of 469 valid questionnaires were recovered after excluding 27 unqualified questionnaires. Statistical analysis showed that the scores of each dimension in the death attitude description scale of doctoral students were ranked as follows: approach acceptance (4.28±0.53), neutral acceptance (3.99±0.41), death avoidance (2.74±0.63), fear of death (2.65±0.57) and escape acceptance (2.47±0.69) the scores of postgraduates were ranked as neutral acceptance (3.96±0.52), approach acceptance (2.84±0.61), fear of death (2.78±0.65), death escape (2.62±0.73), escape acceptance (2.39±0.77). At the same time, the scores of hospice care attitude in the doctoral group were higher than those in the master group [(110.63±8.96) vs. (106.78±6.52)], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, the scores of "fear of death" and the scores of hospice care attitudes were negatively correlated with the scores of doctoral and master students (r=-0.25, r=-0.21), while the scores of hospice care attitudes were positively correlated with the scores of "neutral acceptance" in death cognition (r=0.50, r=0.32). However, the hospice care attitude scores of doctoral students were negatively correlated with the "death avoidance" scores in death cognition (r=-0.27).Conclusion Doctoral and postgraduate students have a certain awareness of hospice care, while their death cognition and hospice care attitude still need to be improved and strengthened from sociology, psychology, ethics and other perspectives. The above will promote the harmony between doctors and patients while meeting the needs of an aging society in China. |
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